Ciwon wuya matsala ce da kusan kowa ya ci karo da shi. Wannan shine mafi wayar tafi da gidanka kuma mai rauni na kashin baya, kuma cututtuka daban-daban masu zafi na iya tasowa saboda dalilai daban-daban. Ciwon wuyan wuya yana nuna rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Duk da haka, cervicalgia mai maimaita lokaci-lokaci, wanda yake dagewa, ya kamata ya zama sigina don neman dalilin wannan yanayin.
Mafi sau da yawa wadannan su ne ciwon tsoka; Har ila yau, dalilin zai iya zama canje-canje na degenerative a cikin kashin baya, raunin da ya faru da sauran (ba-vertebrogenic) haddasawa: angina pectoris, cututtuka, endocrin, rheumatic, cututtuka na oncological, pathology na lymph nodes, da dai sauransu.
Ciwon wuyan wuya yana iya kasancewa tare da dizziness, rauni, ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka, zafi da jin dadi a cikin makamai, da dai sauransu.
Rarrabewa, nau'ikan da yanayin ciwon ciwo
Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na cervicalgia:
- Dangane da tsawon lokacin karatunsa, yana iya zama m (kasa da makonni 4), subacute (watanni 1-4) da na yau da kullun (fiye da watanni 4).
- Bisa ga yanayin yanayin ciwo mai zafi, ciwo, maras kyau, harbi mai zafi yana bambanta.
- Bisa ga wuri, an bambanta ciwo a cikin gaba, na baya da na gefe na wuyansa. Lokacin da zafi ya haskaka kai, suna magana game da cervicocranialgia, kuma zuwa kafada - na cervicobrachialgia.
- Saboda abin da suka faru, duk wuyan wuyansa za a iya raba zuwa manyan kungiyoyi 2 - vertebrogenic da wadanda ba vertebrogenic:
- Vertebrogenic: faruwa a sakamakon cututtuka, raunuka na kashin baya. Wannan shine mafi yawan rukuni na abubuwan da ke haifar da cervicalgia. A cewar kididdiga, yana> 70%. Dalilin da ya fi dacewa shine ciwon tsoka. Yana iya zama lalacewa ta hanyar yanayi irin su myofascial, muscular-tonic syndromes, myositis, myopathy na mahaifa, rashin matsayi, da dai sauransu.
- Nonvertebrogenic: lalacewa ta hanyar wasu dalilai (myocardial ischemia, kamuwa da cuta, endocrine, oncological cututtuka, lalacewa ga Lymph nodes, rheumatism, da dai sauransu).
Bari mu dubi dalilai guda ɗaya daki-daki.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon wuya
Raunin (karya, bulala)
Hanyar raunin whiplash yana da alaƙa da kaifi mai kaifi na wuyansa gaba ko baya tare da kara komawa baya. Irin wannan lalacewa ya zama sananne ga haɗari. A wannan yanayin, ƙaddamar da na'ura na tendon-ligamentous da tsokoki yana faruwa, lalatawar kashin baya (magudanar karaya) da fayafai na intervertebral, subluxations da dislocations na mahaifa na mahaifa, da kuma samuwar hernias.
Akwai gunaguni na ciwo a wuyansa, yana haskakawa zuwa kafadu, kai, da yanki na interscapular; ƙuntata motsi; dizziness; tashin zuciya. M.b. rashin hangen nesa, hadiye (dysphagia).
Sauran raunin da zai iya haifarwa sun haɗa da raunuka, raunuka, da kuma tsokoki na wuyansa. Sakamakon rauni mai rauni na iya zama cervicalgia, migraine, spasm tsoka, raunin wuyan motsi, gajiya, da hangen nesa.
Dystrophic cututtuka na kashin baya
Osteochondrosis yana da alaƙa da canje-canje na degenerative-dystrophic da suka shafi shekaru a cikin haɗin gwiwa na kashin baya wanda ke faruwa saboda raguwar elasticity, lalatawa da lalata fayafai na intervertebral.
Ayyukan ɗaukar girgiza fayafai suna raguwa a hankali. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin kaya a kan haɗin gwiwar intervertebral (facet), arthrosis, radiculopathy - ciwo mai zafi saboda pinching na tushen jijiya ta hanyar haɓakar kashi (osteophytes), da tashin hankali a cikin tsokoki na wuyansa. Lokacin da jijiyoyi na kashin baya suka matsa, hayaniya a cikin kunnuwa, tabo a gaban idanu, duhun gani, da amai.
A hankali, fayafai na intervertebral sun rasa ƙarfin su. Lokacin da aka matsa su, haɓaka (protrusion) yana faruwa a cikin canal na kashin baya tare da ƙarin samuwar hernia. Wannan yana haifar da matsawa da ci gaba da canje-canje na pathological a cikin kashin baya (myelopathy). A sakamakon haka, ciwon zafi yana ƙaruwa, hankalin hannaye, ƙafafu, da fatar kan mutum yana da lahani tare da ci gaba da raguwa da paresthesia. Rauni yana bayyana a hannaye, jijiyoyi suna canzawa.
Ciwon yana da gefe ɗaya, harbi a yanayi, yana ƙaruwa lokacin da yake karkata zuwa gefen mai raɗaɗi, yana mayar da kai, don haka mai haƙuri ya lanƙwasa kansa a hankali gaba kuma zuwa gefe sabanin wurin da zafi yake. Osteochondrosis na iya zama tare da cervicobrachialgia; cervicocranialgia.
Spondylosis yawanci yana tare da osteochondrosis. Tare da wannan ilimin cututtuka, haɓakar kashi (osteophytes) yana samuwa a gefuna na jikin vertebral. A lokaci guda, akwai raguwa a cikin fayafai na intervertebral a girman. Lokacin da ke kusa da kashin baya, motsi na wuyan yana iyakance.
Tare da spondylolisthesis, ƙaura (slipping) na vertebra da ke sama yana faruwa dangane da abin da ke ciki. Wannan Pathology yana nuna kansa a matsayin zafi a cikin yanki na wuri. An tabbatar da cutar ta hanyar x-ray.
Ciwon tsoka
Ciwon tsoka - ciwo na myofascial
Dogon tsayin daka na tsokoki na wuyansa, jijiyar jijiyoyi, da hypothermia na gida suna haifar da ciwon tsoka. Suna tare da iyakacin motsi da spasm na tsokoki na wuyansa. Lokacin da ake jin motsin tsokoki, suna jin takura da ciwo.
Ciwon ciwo a cikin ciwo na myofascial yana da matsakaicin matsakaici, ɗan gajeren lokaci, yana ƙaruwa tare da motsin wuyansa, kuma yana tafiya da kansa idan ba a kula da shi ba.
Muscular-tonic ciwo (muscular spasm na cervicothoracic yankin)
Clinically bayyana ta tsawaita da kuma m tsoka tashin hankali, su reflex contraction - tsoka spasm. Tsokoki sun zama mai yawa don taɓawa, kumbura, da zafi.
An kafa maki masu tayar da hankali - wuraren da aka fi bayyana zafi. Cervicalgia yana ƙaruwa lokacin jujjuya kai, jujjuyawar da tsawo na kashin mahaifa. Yana iya kasancewa tare da numbness na yatsu na huɗu da na biyar.
Mosite
Tare da myositis na wuyansa, kumburin ƙwayoyin tsoka yana tasowa. Mafi sau da yawa cutar tana faruwa a kan bangon hypothermia. Yana nuna kanta a matsayin ciwo mai tsanani a lokacin motsi da kuma rashin ƙarfi na tsoka. Saboda bambancin sautin tsoka, kai ya karkata zuwa gefe guda, kuma an kafa torticollis na biyu.
Myopathy na mahaifa
Myopathy ko degenerative pathology na tsoka nama yana halin da raguwa a cikin contractility na myofibrils, m tsoka rauni rauni, iyakance motsi, rage sautin, da kuma ci gaban tsoka atrophy tare da m maye gurbin tsoka zaruruwa da m ko connective nama.
Cervical plexitis
Cervical plexitis cuta ce ta jijiyar mahaifa. Mafi sau da yawa yana tasowa akan bangon rauni ko hypothermia. Ciwon yana cikin yanki na gefen wuyansa na anterolateral, kuma yana haskakawa zuwa kunne, kirji, da baya na kai. Jin zafi yana ƙaruwa lokacin tari, magana, kuma yana tare da motsin motsi, paresthesia - cin zarafi na hankali a cikin nau'i na numbness, konewa, tingling.
Matsayi mara kyau
Matsayi yana rushewa lokacin da mutum ya kwashe lokaci mai tsawo a kwamfutar ko kuma yana cikin wani matsayi na daya. Abubuwan da za a iya ganowa kuma sun haɗa da amfani da matashin kai mai laushi ko tsayi don yin barci. Tare da rashin kyaun matsayi, nauyin da ke kan ligaments da tsokoki na wuyansa yana ƙaruwa, kai ya ci gaba, kuma ya zama matsi.
Wasu dalilai
Hakanan ana iya haifar da ciwo a cikin wuyansa ta wasu, abubuwan da ba na vertebrogenic ba, alal misali, cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini (cututtukan zuciya na zuciya. A cikin nau'i mai banƙyama, jin zafi na iya haskaka wuyansa, hannun hagu, kafada. Wannan cuta yana nuna canje-canje a cikin ECG. Alamomin asibiti sun haɗa da nauyi a cikin kirji, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, rauni tare da karamin aiki na jiki.
Tare da ciwon sankarau (kumburi na sankarau mai laushi), jin zafi a wuyansa da kai yana tare da taurin wuya, zazzabi, da amai. Ana ganin irin wannan hoton asibiti tare da meningism. Don bambanta waɗannan yanayi, ana yin huda kashin baya.
Lymphadenitis na mahaifa, ko kuma kara girman ƙwayar lymph nodes, shine mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da cervicalgia (kimanin kashi 50% na duk lokuta) a cikin yara. Wannan alamar tana faruwa a cikin cututtuka daban-daban masu yaduwa da kumburi (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis, stomatitis, ARVI, mura, rhinosinusitis, kyanda, mononucleosis, tarin fuka), da kuma oncological Pathology. Ciwon yana ƙaruwa lokacin haɗiye, palpation (palpation) na ƙwayoyin lymph.
Ciwon wuya zai iya raka ƙananan rheumatoid amosanin gabbai. Wannan cuta mai haɗin kai ta autoimmune tana farawa kafin shekaru 16 kuma tana da alaƙa da lalacewar haɗin gwiwa da ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka.
Sauran collagenoses na tsarin da zai iya haifar da ciwon wuya:
- Ankylosing spondylitis cuta ce mai haɗuwa da ke shafar kashin baya. Tare da wannan cuta, mutum vertebrae na iya haɗuwa tare.
- Dermatomyositis yana da alaƙa da kumburin ƙwayar tsoka da fata, kama da photodermatosis, galibi a wuraren da aka fallasa na jiki.
- Scleroderma ya haɗa da canje-canje na fibrous-sclerotic a cikin fata, tsokoki, haɗin gwiwa, tasoshin jini da gabobin ciki.
Ana lura da Cervicalgia tare da torticollis, cututtukan orthopedic tare da karkatar da wuyansa daga axis na tsaye. Ana gano wannan cutar ta tabarbarewar haihuwa tun lokacin ƙuruciya kuma ta fi yawa ga 'yan mata.
Ciwon wuya yana tare da cututtukan tumo; purulent-mai kumburi tafiyar matakai: abscesses (iyakance kumburi na taushi kyallen takarda), phlegmons (kumburi na taushi kyallen takarda ba tare da bayyana iyakoki); pathology na thyroid gland shine yake; salivary gland; plexites; osteoporosis; tracheitis (kumburi na mucosa na tracheal); esophagitis (kumburi na mucosa na esophageal); atherosclerosis; Reiter ta ciwo; kasashen waje.
Tare da Pathology na thyroid gland shine yake (difffuse toxic goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis), ciwon ciwo yana haɗuwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki, jin zafi, ƙara yawan gumi, ƙara yawan bugun zuciya, ƙara yawan fushi, da hawaye.
Sialadenitis wani kumburi ne na glandan salivary. Zafin yana ƙaruwa lokacin da ake taunawa da haɗiye. Akwai kumburi a wurin da glandan salivary suke, bushe baki, rauni, sanyi, da zazzabi.
Tare da rashi na ma'adanai (musamman calcium, phosphorus) da bitamin (D 3), asarar kashi yana tasowa (osteoporosis). Hadarin faruwarsa yana karuwa a cikin mata a lokacin menopause. Osteoporosis na kashin baya na mahaifa yana tare da cervicalgia.
Tracheitis yana nuna yawan ciwo lokacin tari, yayin da esophagitis ke nuna yawan ciwo lokacin cin abinci.
Tare da atherosclerosis (lalacewar bangon manyan arteries tare da samuwar atherosclerotic plaques waɗanda ke hana kwararar jini na al'ada) da sauran cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, ciwon wuyansa yana haɗuwa tare da dizziness da tinnitus.
Ciwon daji na Reiter wata alama ce ta hadaddun alamun da ke bayyana ta hanyar triad na gargajiya: lalacewa ga tsarin genitourinary (urethritis + prostatitis), gidajen abinci, conjunctivitis. Mafi sau da yawa cutar ta mycoplasma cuta ce kuma tana da wata hanya ta dindindin.
Ƙaddamar da ciwon wuyan wuyansa - menene matsalolin suke nunawa?
Ƙaddamar da ciwo yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade ainihin dalilin cervicalgia da kuma ɗaukar matakan da suka dace a cikin lokaci.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon wuyan gaba sune:
- Pathology na thyroid gland shine yake.
- Sialadenitis.
- Kumburi na retropharyngeal kumburi ne na nama da ke cikin sararin retropharyngeal. Ciwo a cikin wuyansa yana ƙaruwa lokacin haɗiye, tare da ja na fata a gaban wuyansa, karuwa a cikin zafin jiki zuwa matakan febrile (38-39 °).
- Cervical plexitis.
- Cututtuka na nama (dermatomyositis, scleroderma). Ciwon yana jin zafi, ja, yana haskaka wuyansa da kashin baya.
- lymphadenitis na mahaifa.
- Atypical nau'i na ischemic cututtukan zuciya.
- Tracheitis, esophagitis.
- Matsi karyewar kashin mahaifa.
Dalilan ciwo a bayan wuya:
- Osteochondrosis, bayyanar diski, hernia na kashin baya, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis.
- Myofascial ciwo.
- Ankylosing spondylitis.
- Cutar tarin fuka ta kashin baya.
- Osteomyelitis.
- Reiter ta ciwo.
- Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Jin zafi a gefen wuyansa na iya faruwa tare da atherosclerosis; myofascial ciwo; jikin waje; kumburi tsari a cikin pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland shine yake. Cervicalgia a gefe na iya haifar da torticollis na biyu, kamar yadda mai haƙuri koyaushe yayi ƙoƙari ya karkatar da kansa zuwa gefen mai raɗaɗi.
Wanda zai tuntube don ciwon wuya
Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, likitan yara, ko likitan neurologist zai taimaka tare da ciwon wuyansa. Idan ciwon wuyansa ya haifar da rauni, to ya kamata ka tuntuɓi likitan traumatologist ko likitan fiɗa. Dangane da abin da ke haifar da ciwon, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da likitan yara kuma na iya tura majiyyaci zuwa kwararru kamar masu ilimin rheumatologist, ƙwararren cututtukan cututtuka, likitan zuciya, likitan oncologist, ko likitancin otolaryngologist.
Binciken cutar, gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje
Don sanin dalilin cervicalgia, likita ya bincika marasa lafiya, ya tambaye shi game da gunaguni na yanzu, ya bayyana tsawon lokacin alamar, yanayin zafi, yanayinsa, sakawa a cikin iska, hade da sauran alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kuma yana yin palpation. Ƙayyade dalilin cervicalgia yana da mahimmanci don maganin da ya dace.
Idan ya cancanta, ana wajabta masu zuwa:
- shawarwari na kunkuntar kwararru;
- Hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje na kayan aiki: ECG, Holter monitoring, EMG - electromyography (ƙayyade aikin bioelectrical na tsokoki da watsawar neuromuscular), electroneurography (ƙayyade saurin watsawar jijiyar jijiya tare da ƙwayoyin jijiya na gefe).
- X-ray na kashin baya na mahaifa, CT, MRI;
- myelography - bambanci radiyo na subarachnoid (subarachnoid) sarari na kashin baya.
- Duban dan tayi (binciken ultrasound) na glandan salivary, glandar thyroid; duplex scanning (don tantance yanayin jijiyoyin jini da kwararar jini).
Hanyoyin magani
Maganin cervicalgia ya kamata ya zama cikakke. Akwai magunguna masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da nufin kawar da ciwon tsoka, spasm, dakatar da tsarin kumburi, da kuma aikin tiyata da aka yi don daidaita kashin baya da kuma tabbatar da fitar da mugunya.
Hanyoyin jiyya masu ra'ayin mazan jiya:
- Maganin magani. Kwararren likita ne kawai ya ba da izini, ba a yarda da maganin kai ba! Ga ciwon ciwon tsoka, wannan na iya zama ko dai magani na gida (amfani da man shafawa, gels) ko kuma amfani da magungunan tsarin da ke da nufin kawar da ciwon tsoka da spasms.
- Hanyoyin physiotherapeutic na tasiri. Wadannan sun hada da magnetotherapy, phonophoresis, electrophoresis tare da magunguna, duban dan tayi, Laser, UHF (tsarin zafin jiki), cryotherapy (sanyi fallasa), SMT (sinusoidal modulated igiyoyin ruwa), UVT (girgiza kalaman far), MLT (magnetic filin + Laser daukan hotuna), paraffin / ozokerite aikace-aikace da sauransu.
- Maganin motsa jiki. An zaɓi saitin motsa jiki daban-daban dangane da dalilin ciwo. Maganin motsa jiki yana taimakawa ƙarfafa tsokoki na wuyansa, baya, da kuma samuwar matsayi daidai.
- Massage. Ana iya yin shi ko dai daban ko a hade tare da aikin motsa jiki da kuma maganin hannu. Yana inganta jini wurare dabam dabam, sauqaqa spasms tsoka, normalizes tsoka sautin.
- Maganin hannu. Yana ba ku damar sauƙaƙe tashin hankali na tsoka, zafi, da cire tubalan.
Muhimmi: motsa jiki far, tausa, manual far ne contraindicated a lokacin m lokacin zafi, da kuma idan akwai rauni!
- Reflexology ko tasiri maki acupuncture ta amfani da allura, cauterization, hirudotherapy. Haɗuwa da maki, tsawon lokaci da adadin hanyoyin za su bambanta ga cututtuka daban-daban.
- Dabarun Orthopedic. Wannan rashin motsi ne ta amfani da bandeji ko Chance kwala. Ana yin shi don raunin raunin da ya faru na kashin mahaifa, a cikin m lokaci don ciwon tsoka, osteochondosis.
- Taping ko kinesio taping shine aikace-aikacen faci na musamman (kaset) zuwa fatar wuya. Ana amfani da shi don sauƙaƙa ciwo, kumburi, kawar da ƙwayar tsoka da ƙwayar jijiyoyi, inganta yanayin jini da ƙwayar lymph, da sake dawowa bayan raunin da ya faru da ayyuka. Shirye-shiryen yin amfani da kaset sun bambanta ga cututtuka daban-daban. Dangane da hanyar aikace-aikacen, kaset ɗin yana inganta magudanar ruwa, suna da tasirin anti-mai kumburi da analgesic, daidaita sautin tsoka, da daidaita haɗin gwiwa.
Ana gudanar da aikin tiyata don hernias na kashin baya (idan maganin ra'ayin mazan jiya ba shi da tasiri), neoplasms, abscesses, cellulitis, da jikin waje a cikin wuyansa.
Me kwayoyi don magance
Ƙwararrun marasa lafiya suna bi da su ta hanyar kwararru; kowane rukuni na haddasawa yana da nasa maganin. Don kawar da ciwon tsoka a wuyansa, ana amfani da kungiyoyin magunguna masu zuwa:
- NSAIDs (magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal). Suna hana enzyme cycloxygenase (COX). Akwai COX 1 da COX 2. Yin amfani da NSAIDs shine alamun bayyanar cututtuka da nufin kawar da ciwo da sauran alamun kumburi. Don rage haɗarin sakamako masu illa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da NSAIDs tare da zaɓi na zaɓi akan COX 2.
- Magungunan ciwon daji. Ana yi musu allura a cikin yankin da jijiyoyi ke fita (blockade).
- Masu shakatawa na tsoka. Yana taimakawa kawar da spasms na tsoka da shakatawa tsokoki.
- Shirye-shiryen da ke inganta microcirculation na nama.
- Hormones (glucocorticoids). Yana kawar da kumburi, kumburin nama, zafi. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su lokacin da NSAIDs ba su da tasiri ko a hade tare da su.
- Vitamins B, C (ascorbic acid), D da kuma ma'adanai: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. Calcium wani hadadden bitamin da ma'adinai ne da aka ba da shawarar don magani da rigakafin osteoporosis da karaya.
- Chondroprotectors. Inganta trophism (abinci mai gina jiki) na ƙwayar guringuntsi, inganta haɓakar guringuntsi.
- Anticonvulsants. An wajabta wa maƙarƙashiya da spasms na tsoka.
An wajabta maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ne kawai bayan cikakken bincike da gano dalilin cervicalgia.
Hana ciwon wuya
Don hana ciwon wuyan wuyansa, ana bada shawara a bi dokoki masu sauki:
- Shirya wurin aiki yadda ya kamata (haske, matakin na'ura, nisan mai duba zuwa idanu da sauran sigogi dole ne su bi ka'idodin da aka yarda gabaɗaya).
- Rage abubuwan haɗari: kauce wa zane-zane, hypothermia; kar a ba da izinin lanƙwasawa ko karkatar da kai kwatsam, da sauransu.
- Kalli yanayin ku, gami da lokacin aiki a kwamfutar.
- A lokacin hutu, yi aikin motsa jiki don ƙarfafa tsokoki na wuyansa da kafada.
- Inganta aikin jiki.
- Don barci, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ba mai girma ba, amma na yau da kullum, ko ma mafi kyau, matashin kai na orthopedic.
- Madaidaicin nauyin jiki.
- Yi gwajin likita a kan lokaci.
Bin matakan rigakafin zai taimaka wajen kiyaye lafiya da walwala na shekaru masu yawa. Ganin likita lokacin da alamun farko na bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana da kuma jiyya na lokaci zai taimaka wajen kauce wa ci gaba da ci gaba da rikitarwa.